As speech-language pathologists (SLPs), one of the most important questions we ask parents during early childhood evaluations is, “How many words does your child say?” This seemingly simple question holds great significance as it forms the basis for tailoring a therapy program to encourage words in toddlers and set them up for future success. But what exactly constitutes a “word” in the world of communication?
Words in Toddlers
According to Webster’s Dictionary, a word is “a speech sound or series of speech sounds that symbolizes and communicates a meaning usually without being divisible into smaller units capable of independent use.” Essentially, it refers to the combination of sounds that represent a particular item or concept. However, when it comes to identifying words in toddlers, the definition expands beyond conventional linguistic boundaries.
Counting Words in Toddlers
It is important to note that words can take various forms, including verbal expressions, sign language, and gestures. In the context of toddler vocabulary, count a word if it is consistently used to identify someone or something. This includes animal sounds, word approximations, complete words, partial words, gestures, visual communication, and sign language.
Word Approximations & Partial Words
It’s important to acknowledge that toddlers progress through developmental phonological errors as they develop, which impacts their ability to produce words. In their early language development, toddlers may use word approximations in their verbal expressions. These approximations may not be accurate renditions of the actual word. However, if used consistently, it does count as a “word”. Even partial words or sounds that approximate a word, like “ca” for “cat,” are considered words.
Gestures, Visual Communication, and Sign Language
Toddlers often use non-verbal means of communication, such as pointing, nodding, or using gestures. These forms of communication are equally valid and also count as words in the toddler’s vocabulary. Additionally, if a child utilizes sign language or visual communication systems to express their needs or desires, these should be recognized as words in their repertoire.
Understanding what constitutes a “word” in the context of toddler communication is crucial for accurately assessing language development. Counting words includes a wide range of verbal expressions, gestures, visual communication, and sign language. So, the next time someone asks, “How many words does your child say?” remember that their vocabulary encompasses more than just spoken words.
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